Dried stocks of algae harvested during a 6-month period were used to feed the bioreactors, and the process to extract sugar from the natural wastewater grown algae was optimized. Although considerable progress has been made with respect to improved breeds and production practices, losses during postharvest handling remain considerable. Both adsorption and desorption processes were investigated under conditions of high humidity (80.27%) and tropical temperature (30 degrees C). It was found that slopes of the regression lines could be set equal to unity. Cereal Always use tongs when handling dry container, This method is based on drying of food sample under controlled temperature until constant weight is. For below 15% and above 5% of moisture contents of rough rice, the lower the moisture content the higher the remained moisture content, For the rough rice in (2) and (3) except the range of moisture contents above mentioned, wheat, six-rowed barley and two-rowed barley, the higher the moisture content the higher the remained moisture content. The reported data are useful in designing and developing radio-frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) applicators for dielectric heating of rapeseed. Results also suggested that ten loadings used in PLSR method could have the highest rp and lowest SEP. To store the agricultural produce, MC of the commodities is a key factor influencing the quality of the storage. Sitophilus oryzae (L) were subjected to essential oils extracted from Mentha piperita L, Rosmarinus officinalis L and Hyssopus officinalis L. Chemical structure, repellency, fumigant toxicity and feeding reduction of the essential oils were investigated. The procedures included 130°C for 1 h; 130°C for 2 h; 105°C for 5 h; 105°C for 48 h; 105°C for 72 h; 130°C for 16 h; and 130°C for 20 h. Analysis of variance revealed that at high moisture content levels above 27% (wet basis), and the mean values of the moisture content determined were not significantly different (p > 0.05). In the case of antimicrobial activity, highest sensitivity was demonstrated on Esherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC = 2.5 mg/ml) and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 5 mg/ml). Due to the need for simple and economical technologies, an inflatable solar dryer (ISD) was developed based on adaptations of the Hohenheim-type solar tunnel dryer. Location seed moisture content. Total fungal population decreased after 2 and 3 months of storage, with the increase in the number of pairs of infested T. castaneum . The P. nigrum extracts (92.0%) were significantly repelled S. oryzae compared to J. curcas extracts (69.6%). Chemistry, 55(2), 214-229, Oven methods for precise measurement of moisture in seeds USDA Marketing Research Report No Moisture, its significance, behavior, and measurement. A low-cost meter was developed under a USAID project to reduce post-harvest loss (PHL). Transactions of the ASAE A comparison of microwave, air oven and moisture meters with standard method for rough rice moisture determination, AACC, Minnesota, USA Jindal V K; Siebenmorgen T J (1987). (2) At 105°C for 24 hours with ground grain of about 10 grams Secondary data of solar irradiance obtained from Jimma area, Ethiopia compared to the current experiment show higher energy availability, demonstrating high potential to apply ventilation and drying system to the region. was performed by determining the dielectric constant and loss factor at frequencies from 10 to 3000 MHz. Colonies were reared on whole rice grains in plastic container in the laboratory, where all experiments were conducted (27 ± 1°C, 75 ± 5 % R.H. and 12:12 h L:D) 19. After a holding period of 3 days, grains at various locations in the sample containers were sampled at different storage periods. Wi(1-Mi/100)=Wf(1-Mf/100) The drying time is established upon the average final MC to achieve about 8%. The top five wavelengths selected by MLR were 905, 936, 925, 1015, and 499 nm in 400-1050 nm (meter A) and shifted to 900, 860, 970, 1610, and 830 nm when 400-2498 nm (meter B) was applied. The performance of a method that could accelerate the sorption process of biological materials was evaluated with respect to rapidness (expedition of sorption), comparability of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) values with the control (conventional static method) and effect of specific airflow rates on the rate of sorption, EMC, and sorption rate constant. Moisture, its significance, Linear regression models were used to adjust the moisture contents from the microwave oven for deviations from the air-oven values. Moisture Content Determination by Oven Method. They are widely used for determining the moisture content of rough rice. The moisture content was also measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Approximately 10,000 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) spanning 15 phyla were obtained. So it can be seen that microwave oven method gave the values very close to the values of hot air oven method. oven needs to be able to attain and hold a temperature of 217°F (103°C). Tribolium castaneum is an important insect pest of stored milled rice in Indonesia. Results This study applied spectroscopy both in visible 400-700 nm and NIR 700-1050 nm bands to record spectrum of rough rice single kernel (SK). Furthermore, F1 adults were suppressed at the lowest concentration (2 µl/g) and no F1 was produced in all treatments. The test of homogeneity and long-term stability by statistical techniques of this study can serve as an evaluation technique for biological reference materials. All rights reserved. Regression equation of the percent non-dehulled grain on the moisture content can be represented by Y=-6.42+0.78X (n=50, R2=0.8101**) when the moisture content is below 22%, i.e., 1% increase of moisture content results in 0.78% increase of non-dehulled grain. Rice is the staple food for more than three billion people worldwide. Moisture measurement}grain and seeds, ASAE (1982). Findings © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1013–1022, 2013. International Seed Testing Association methods for seed moisture testing were used to determine the moisture content of ginseng seeds. Experiments were carried out to determine the relative adjustments required to values obtained for moisture content of barley and wheat as determined by three different routine oven methods. T HE effects of oven drying temperature and drying time on whole-kernel, long-grain rough rice moisture content determination were investigated for different moisture content levels ranging from approximately 9 to 22% (w.b.). The first class was 12 students. where This is rather important for an accurate test. Data was collected on solar irradiance, photovoltaic voltage, current, inlet duct air velocity and temperature and relative humidity inside the storage system. AACC Approved Methods of Analysis, 11th Edition Moisture. The study also dealt with the effect of calibration equations on uncertainty. Our results indicate that sediment and water harboured higher fungal diversity than air and rock, and substrate and spatial variables are key determinants of fungal communities in caves. Co-occurrence analysis revealed highly modularized assembly patterns of the cave bacterial community, with Nitrosococcaceae wb1-P19, an uncultured group in Rokubacteriales, and an uncultured group in Gaiellales, being the top-three keystone members. Moisture contents by the loss-on-drying methods were significantly different for DDGS samples from three fuel ethanol plants. Adding fresh Pandan leaves to enhance the flavour profile of non-aromatic rice is as an old practice in South-East Asia. Conclusively, the new corrected parameters enhanced the sample discrimination capability and the agreement with the sensorial stickiness than the uncorrected stickiness. The final product was also subjected to sensory analysis. 6. of the paddy samples was determined by the hot air oven method. In all kinds of corn moisture measurement methods, capacitance method becomes the main method with simple structure, low cost and online measurement. Moisture content was determined for intact, ground and cut seeds by oven-drying at 103°C for 17 hours. 3) Afterwards, the sample are taken out and placed in desiccators to cool down. maize with wheat in different proportions. In the study chemical composition of extracts from black pepper, Piper nigrum L. and physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. were tested against this pest, under laboratory conditions. Close both air inlet and outlet valves to oven. Moisture content [MC] in food items should be tracked at right time with high precision as it is important for processing and storage of food items. The reflected radar pulses were used to calculate the dielectric constant of paddy. Also, the S. oryzae was repelled by M. piperita (95.0%), R. officinalis (91.0%) and H. officinalis (86.5%), respectively. Methods: Essential oils from two species of plants were obtained by clevenger-type water distillation. The moisture content of a powder is the loss in weight (%) after oven drying at 102°C until constant weight is obtained. Social implications Unsafe moisture content at loading and the climatically uncontrolled nature of traditional storage structure (gombisa) together with ventilation dependent on wind alone, results in mycoflora growth and development on maize in the system. Extract contains 27.69 mg gallic acid equivalents-GAE/g of total phenolic compounds. This paper is a review of the previous research that happened in this area, and it would help the researcher to know the techniques already been used. The normal methods of oven drying and vacuum desiccation have been investigated thoroughly and the extensive literature on the subject has been reviewed by Mar shall (1) and Thompson (2). C. O. Willits; Cite this: Anal. Moisture contents (based on wet weight) of milled rice were determined using the oven method. The results showed that this method can be applied in order to expedite the sorption process. Oven drying methods for moisture determination are commonly used for commercial purposes. Southwest China. All rights reserved. ATT-15/95, MOISTURE CONTENT, Oven Method Part II, Emulsified Asphalt Mixes 1.0 SCOPE This method describes the procedure for determining the moisture content of emulsified asphalt mixes using a field laboratory oven. Some authors applied linear correlations between moisture content from different methods. Using a moisture analyzer or a drying oven with a balance are both common methods for determining moisture content via loss on drying. Results disclosed that the fruits are rich in crude fibre (26.00%) and carbohydrate (22.63%) with moisture of 43.75%. The accelerated method required 40-60% less time compared to the control method (static) to reach sorption equilibrium. Maize grains from a bagged storage experiment were used as samples over a 12-month period. In the present study performance of a natural convection grain dryer was investigated The major extracted components of P. nigrum were piperine (74.34%) and caryophyllene (18.53%), and for J. curcas were oleic acid (40.67%), linoleic acid (34.17%) and palmitic acid (18.03%). Scope This is an accurate standard method which may be used for milk powder and all other This process is susceptible for upscaling to produce high LA concentrations and represents a platform to utilize agroindustrial wastes to obtain value-added products. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for about half of the population in the world. The variability within a subgroup and between subgroups was monitored by a quality control technique. Three replications were made for each treatment (including the control). Using the developed NIR imaging system, all of the three different calibration methods (MLR, PLSR, and ANN) provided a high prediction capacity for the determination of moisture in rice samples. Start vacuum pump and slowly evacuate air from inside the oven by opening the oven outlet valve. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of absorption of 2-AP from non-aromatic rice mixed with Pandan leaves during cooking. All these three There are destructive and non-destructive methods to measure MC. An integral bioprocess to produce lactic acid (LA) from banana peel (BP) was studied. These results suggest that the distribution of bacterial communities is driven more by sample types than the separate caves from which samples were collected. There was almost no effect of pre-treatments of bengal gram on the puffing of grains. experimentally. This recommended method specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the moisture content (oven volatiles) of tobacco and tobacco products that are in the range of 5% to 60%. Measurements are used by equilibrium moisture content (EMC) equations programmed into the meter to predict MC. Non-destructive determination of moisture content in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), TAHILLARIN DÄ°ELEKTRÄ°K KATSAYILARINA BAĞLI OLARAK NEM İÇERİĞİNÄ°N ÖLÇÜLMESÄ° VE SÄ°LOLARDA TAHIL SEVÄ°YESÄ°NÄ°N BELÄ°RLENMESÄ° İÇİN SÄ°STEM TASARLANMASI, 3.Effect of pre-treatment on puffing of finger millet, bengal gram, Himalayan dogwood (Cornus capitata wall ex. 1. studied. Specific airflow rates of 79.14 m(3)/min-m(3) and lower showed the most similar EMC values to those of the control. Place approximately 15 g of representative portion of unground sample in each of two or more tared moisture dishes. The calculated penetration depth of the electromagnetic field in rapeseed at the ISM frequencies shows that at a given moisture content and temperature, it decreases with increasing frequency. Results: The major compounds found in peppermint were menthol, isomenthone, limonene and cineole and in black pepper were limonene, α and β pinene and caryophyllene. Minnesota, USA, The purpose of this study was to investigate the husking efficiency of rough rice with different moisture contents subjected to various drying procedures. The ISD has been evaluated for paddy in the Philippines during both rainy and dry seasons and was subsequently optimized. This study adopted the coefficient of determination (r val 2), the standard error of prediction (SEP), and the relative performance determinant (RPD) as the performance indices of the NIR imaging system with respect to the tests of rice moisture content. A comparison of microwave, air oven and moisture meters with standard method for rough rice moisture determination. Sun drying and shade drying were carried out in parallel for comparison and product was evaluated for moisture content and quality in terms of milling recovery and head rice yield. Storing maize inside modified gombisa plays a role in protecting the stored product from outside weather conditions. Proximate composition analysis, moisture content, density, rehydration ratio, swelling capacity, moisture sorption, free fatty acid content, X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis were performed. 1 Moisture determination by hot air oven method Purpose: This method is used for the quantitative determination of moisture in all foods except food samples high in sugar(10%).if there are >8% moisture contents then use the oven method otherwise in case of <8% moisture contents use the moisture meters. Highest toxicities were observed against S. oryzae populations treated with M. piperita and P. nigrum essential oils with LC50 values of 85.0 and 287.7 μL/L air after 72 hours after commencement, respectively. ), S352Á1. The mortality of adults increased with increasing concentration of extracts from 2 to 10 µl/g of rice and exposure time from 24 to 72 h. The petroleum ether (LC50=1.61 µl/g) and chloroform extracts (LC50=1.70 µl/g) of P. nigrum showed higher mortality rate compared to petroleum ether extracts (LC50=6.82 µl/g) of J. curcas with 99.56, 93.56 and 66.00% mortality, respectively. Transactions of the ASAE, 30(4), 1185–1192 Noomhorm A; Verma L R (1982). Sample location and sampling distance from the entrance had more significant impacts on rock and sediment communities than on air and water assemblages. Moisture content of raw rough rice can be reduced from 24-30% to below 18% after 5-6 minutes drying in an oven at either 100 or 130°C, and the percentage of the resulted non-dehulled grain can be reduced from 28-32% to below 8% after only one cycle of husking. Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the insecticidal effect of essential oils from peppermint, Mentha piperita L. and black pepper, Piper nigrum L. against two major stored product insects. There are basically two types of MC measurement techniques – destructive method and non-destructive method. The results of this study show that P. nigrum and J. curcas extracts were able to protect stored grain. Conclusion: It was resulted that M. piperita and P. nigrum oils have insecticidal effects against S. oryzae and C. cephalonica. The jars were stored in storage room for 1, 2, and 3 months. KARL-FISHER METHODThe karl-fisher titration is often used for determining the moisture content of foods that have low water content [e.g. Moisture content in some of the food grains has to be reduced to avoid its damage. A literature review of the existing non-destructive methods has been done, and the methodology of each approach is explained with the figure. The cooked rice stickiness is conventionally measured as the maximum detachment force required to separate the probe from the sample, after compression on the platform of a texture analyzer. Lactobacillus delbrueckii fermented the released RS, producing 10 g/L of LA; while in the sequential fermentation (inoculating L. delbrueckii after saccharification), 28 g/L of LA were produced, observing an apparent decrease in feedback inhibition of hydrolases below 1.5 g/L of RS. 5. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. The moisture content of the sample was then measured by the oven method. The results showed that a simplified oven method can be used for rapid moisture measurement with accuracy comparable to that of a standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. Noomhorm and Verma (1982) compared the results of two oven methods for the moisture determination of rough rice. Regardless of the kinds of grains and moisture contents, the drying time in the air oven which did not show apparent loss of dry matter was 48 hours in (1), 240 hours in (2) and 48 hours in (3) respectively. The process of producing instant rice involves cooking of rice, freezing, freeze drying to required moisture content and storage in polyethylene pouches. The cost of the techniques or arrangement to measure the MC is not reasonable. Chemical composition of the essential oils of M. piperita, R. officinalis and H. officinalis were identified by GC-MS. Menthol (43.95%), menthone (8.28%) and 1,8-cineole (7.07%) were major components of M. piperita oil; α-pinene (23.52%), verbenone (11.87%) and 1,8-cineole (8.56%) were the main components of R. officinalis oil and cis-pinocamphone (23.39%), trans-pinocamphone (17.78%) and β-pinene (9.64%) were major components of H. officinalis oil. Purpose Total operational hours with 15 kg wood combustion and with sensible heat storage were found 8 hours and 45 minutes. These optimized conditions extracted the maximum amount of sugar, which yielded an average of 0.11 (g butanol/g sugar) from the bioreactors year-round from a wide range of diatoms and other microalgae used to treat wastewater. The tunnel does not need a substructure as it is stabilized adequately from pressure created by two axial flow ventilators. The results suggested average accuracy for the best model was about 98.4% in 400-1050 nm wavelength. These results indicated that the variation of moisture content was low. Implications of moisture Typically the official method for … The ISD showed advantages over sun drying, despite longer drying periods. The internationally accepted ISO712-1979 (E) ground grain method was tested against the ASAE S352, 1977 method and the NIAE 16 hr whole grain methods.Comparative determinations were made at six moisture content levels, in the range 0.1–0.39 decimal dry basis (9–28% w.b.) The small quantity of grains cannot be the representative sample for whole grains produced by the farmers. The angle of repose of bengal gram that is pre-treated with Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. In addition, different operating modes of the detection circuit are analyzed. extent for about 16 per cent for puffed grains pre-treated with water than pre-treated citric acid. The performance of the developed system was evaluated through experimental tests for rice moisture content. Wi: Initial weight of grain Conductance moisture meters are generally easy to operate and respond rapidly. The water molecules in the food evaporate because they absorb infrared energy, which causes them to become thermally excited. Background: The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae and rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica are major and cosmopolitan insect. Pir mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Module 6 - Feeding Tools Selection Simulation.docx, Pir mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi • UIMS MGT-342, Bear Creek Secondary School • CHEM SCH4U, Animal Feed Resources and forage conservation-AN-201.pdf, Manual_Foods Analysis Mineral adn Vitamin.pdf, Pir mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi • BOTANY 736, Pir mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi • ENGLISH 305, Pir mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi • VFAS 202, Pir mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi • ENG 513, Pir mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi • AGRI SCIEN 402. Moisture contents of peat moss dried in a microwave oven were compared to those of peat moss dried in an air oven. Research limitations/implications results revealed that the higher the moisture content of rough rice, the more difficult the husking. Supporting data are included for ground tobacco, cigarette filler, cigar filler and a … Storage of grain in bags is common in Africa, Asia, and many other less developed countries making a bag probing method well-suited for moisture content (MC) measurement. The EDABO method (direct evaporation of water in an oil bath), is a variation of the official Brawn-Duvel distillation method. density of citric acid pre-treated corn was found to be 0.659 g/cc that is less than bulk density of The contact area increased with the cooking water amount. AACC Method 44-15.02 Moisture -- Air-Oven Methods. Comm. Dried materials were produced by drying samples with hot air. Adults of S. oryzae (male and female) and both larvae are insatiable feeders on a great variety of grains. A possible explanation of this phenomena could be linked to starch gelatinization and the effect it has on interaction with 2-AP from the rice grains. The standard moisture content of rough rice was maintained using reference materials. The meter, referred to as the PHL meter, measures the MC of maize and other grains based on relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) measurements obtained by a small digital sensor located in the tip of a tubular probe that can be inserted into bags of grain or other grain bulks. Moisture content of barley seeds was determined using hot air ovens according to ASAE standards (ASAE, 1982) based on dry basis, however the dry basis moisture content (d.b.) Where, W water = weight of water in Soil in grams W solid = weight of solid particles in the soil in grams (i.e., oven dried soil).. 1. In this work, calibration methods including multiple linear regression (MLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and artificial neural network (ANN) were used in both near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) and the NIR imaging system to deter-mine the moisture content of rice. parameters of the puffed grains pre-treated with water. Moisture Comprehensive performance comparison among MLR, PLSR, and ANN approaches has been conducted. In this study, bacteriomes of eight karst caves in southwest China were examined, and co-occurrence networks of cave bacterial communities were constructed. This range of frequencies includes the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequencies of 13, 27, 40, 915 and 2450 MHz. Average measurements showed variances of 2.34, 1.08 and 0.56% MCwb for John Deere, PHL and GAC 2100 meters respectively, when compared with the oven-dried method. High moisture in stored maize can be detrimental to food safety because of the likelihood of aflatoxin contamination and other forms of deterioration. All rights reserved. Such guidelines are expected to produce accurate results. Sometimes a vacuum is added to speed up the drying process. The study of interaction among the grain, moisture, and the surrounding space (air) is key to understanding the grain- drying process. Ventilation of on-cobs-maize for 10-12 days resulted in a reduction of moisture content (d.b.) The relation between the remained moisture content and the measured moisture content was made clear. Caves are typified by their permanent darkness and a shortage of nutrients. Experimental, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Main conclusions For fruits and vegetables where heat sensitivity is problem, vacuum is applied in the oven to decrease the boiling point of moisture. Tainan No.11 medium rice randomly collected from field. Using high‐throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of fungal rDNA, we examined the cave fungal communities in Southwest China and studied their correlations with potentially influential factors, such as substrate, cave, location and environmental variables. Different forms of raw and parboiled rice kernels (rough rice, brown rice, and milled rice) of an Indica variety were used as sample material. Moisture contents of peat moss samples were measured using an air-oven drying method and were found to be highly correlated with moisture contents determined by using several microwave-oven drying procedures. To reduce repetition and redundancy in the input data and obtain a more accurate network, six significant wavelengths selected by the MLR model, which had high correlation with the moisture content of rice, were used as the input data of the ANN. Therefore, cutting seeds in half and drying at 103°C for 17 hours is recommended as the standard method for ginseng seeds. C. capitata fruit has high nutritional and low anti-nutritional content as well as considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity with possible nutritional and health implications. Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the insecticidal effect of essential oils from peppermint, Mentha piperita L. and black pepper, Piper nigrum L. against two major stored product insects. Drying ovensare based on convection heating of the sample by circulating hot air. Procedure: 1) Take 2-3 grams of representative ground samples of grain. One of the major advantages of infrared drying methods is that moisture contents can be determined rapidly using inexpensive equipment, e.g., 10-25 minutes. Moisture determination by hot air oven Moisture content (m.c.) The chapatti made from the blend of wheat 80 per cent (0.8% w.b.) loss in grains incurred during sample preparation. Drying … Most of the farmers in the developing countries are financially backward. In addition, microwave oven power setting, sample size, number of samples, and sample location within the oven affected the indicated moisture content. Moisture meters are devices which provide real-time access to measuring moisture levels thereby allowing farmers to meet grain quality requirements. Corn moisture content is the main factor of effecting corn safe transportation and storage, and is also an indispensable measurement part when it is used to feed, food and industry. Results show that this dryer is capable to dry paddy from 33% moisture content to 14% (w.b.). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moisture measurement techniques presently available, as accurate determination of the moisture content (MC) of grains or any food items at right time is very important for its processing, marketing and storing. The Low Constant Temperature Oven Method  At temperature: 103o C for 17±1 hrs  At the end of prescribed period, cover the container, place in desiccator to cool for 30 to 45 min  The RH of lab be ≤ 70%, during moisture determination  Good for seed species with high oil/volatile content eg onion, groundnut, mustard, chillies, soybean, cotton, linum, castor, til & tree spp basmati rice) is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP). dried fruits and vegetables, confectionary, coffee, oils and fats]. The experiments were conducted to examine the effect of application of discharge fan with different heights of paddy on the drying efficiency. One relatively rapid direct method of moisture determination developed in Brazil (EDABO method) is being applied by some agricultural enterprises in their field operations. Grain Moisture Air‐Oven Reference Methods in the United States 1 This Month in History 1 Calendar 2 This Month in History November 1, 1848 ‐ Samuel Gregory founded the first medical school for women, Boston Female Medical School. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of P. nigrum and petroleum ether extract of J. curcas extracts also showed strong antifeedant and opposed to progeny production. The samples were stored under different conditions of temperature, relative humidity and time, until 180 days.

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