IQ tests typically assume that there is one general intelligence (or g) that underlies every intelligent act—every single one. They also showed that a divergent thinking test used with the openness test has validity when workplace criteria are used. However, assuming creativity is needed, and given that this article is focused on promoting creativity through training, it is valid to consider the degree to which creativity training helps people become more accepting of creative ideas. His view was, in this sense, about as far away from that of IQ theories as you can get. Convergent thinking is not dependent upon creativity. The differences between divergent thinking in the top-down sense and divergent thinking in the bottom-up sense may seem trivial, and indeed, this is of little consequence to the general concept of divergent thinking. Following Markovitz (2013), firstly, an initial global level of divergent thinking sets the degree of abstraction of the procedure used to generate alternatives, which in turn defines the nature of the categories accessed. Thus, there is no limit on the possible uses of a tin can, and no limit to the number of ways passengers could be carried. Unlike the Alternate Uses Task, Match Problems is a visuospatial problem-solving task. Regardless of the test considered, the rudimentary idea is that abstraction is necessary to generate different and original alternatives belonging to mutually exclusive categories. Seeing these two objects in this way would make it possible to utilize them as the basic materials for the construction of an electric switch. One would use convergent thinking to answer multiple choice tests on an exam, but use divergent thinking methods to answer an essay. In pursuit, the sketch note above from Sylvia Duckworth is a nice addition to that index of content. One of the best known training programs is the Purdue Creative Thinking program. By contrast, divergent thinking typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, ‘, By contrast, divergent thinking typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, ‘non-linear’ manner, such that many ideas are generated in an emergent cognitive fashion. with unusual viewpoints. discipline. V. Drago, K.M. Laurie Miller and Lynette Tippett studied the neural architecture underlying the solution of Match Problems in patients with focal brain lesions. It underpins the creative potential rather than creativity (e.g., Runco & Acar, 2012), which relies on an open-ended mental process aimed at finding different solutions to open problems (e.g., alternative uses for a brick—Kaufman, Plucker, & Baer, 2008). Examples of Thinking Leading to Production of Variability/Orthodoxy. 2. Divergent thinking is relevant here because it reflects the ability to generate many solutions to a problem or prompt (i.e., fluency). Thus, creativity involves tertiary process thinking in which primary and secondary process thinking are combined to yield effective novelty. Finally, some studies have shown that creativity involves both associative abilities as well as cognitive processes (e.g.,Beaty et al.2014). Divergent thinking is one of the most well-studied aspects of creativity. It involves coming up to solutions, paths forward or new ideas when there is no single correct answer. Divergent thinking involves using creativity to solve problems and works best with open-ended questions. Highly creative people exhibited the greatest variation in EEG alpha wave activity across the three tasks. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Divergent thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. The highest flexibility was observed in the anonymous high transformational group and the lowest was identified in low transformational leadership. Initially, he emphasized lateral thinking. As expected, the transformational leadership group was more flexible and fluent than the transactional group; and also nominal groups were superior to real groups in those regards. Assuming that abstraction relies to some extent on mind wandering implies that the categorization process involved in divergent thinking could also be associated to mind wandering in some manner. It involves coming up to solutions, paths forward or new ideas when there is no single correct answer. a. algorithms. Visual and verbal divergent thinking can also be scored in terms of elaboration (numbers of details provided along with the ideas). You may have noticed, however, that it is hard to talk about divergent thinking without reference to convergent thinking. Divergent thinking may play several roles in organizations. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. These analyses indicated that RIBS predicts entrepreneurship while the divergent thinking task based on SWOT analysis does not. There are at least three possibilities for its involvement in divergent thinking ability. Pair this with the fact that creative ideas do not always work out as intended, it is not surprising that people have difficulty accepting creativity. It refers to the thought process of generating creative solutions. : It’s a straight forward process that focuses on figuring out the most effective … Four experimental groups; high versus low transformational leadership, and anonymous versus identified groups conditions, were compared with respect to fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration. Delivery media includes the types of materials that were used to convey material during the course. See also What It Means To Think Critically. Divergent thinking involves artistry which is associated with the right brain while convergent thinking encompasses logical reasoning which employs the left brain. So how do you define creative intelligence if it is abstract principles? ‘It generally means the ability to give the “correct” answer to standard questions that do not require significant creativity, for instance in most tasks in school and on standardized multiple-choice tests for intelligence. Divergent thinking, in isolation, is free to consider any possible solution that enters the mind of the designer. Being part of this ideation can be easy and fun for some, while it can require a lot of effort and work from others. The use of lectures, A-V equipment, case-based material, or cooperative learning activities fall into this category. Edward de Bono (1993) made an interesting and popular contribution to the discussion of creative thinking. Additionally, divergent thinking allows students to work together to generate new ideas. divergent thinking tasks is related to the activation of brain regions that are associated with executive functioning, thus also supporting the idea that executive processes are involved in divergent thinking (see for exampleBenedek et al.2014a). Divergent Thinking. Rothenburg also introduced the term homospatial thinking. Divergent thinking is the opposite of convergent thinking, which involves solving problems through obvious choices only. First, generating additional hypotheses in divergent trials requires their maintenance in working memory. Problem-solving is defined the act of resolving a complex, ill-defined problem using new ideas that have been developed using multiple pieces of information and expertise in order to provide a framework for implementing a solution. Convergent thinking is useful in situations when there is a single best correct answer and the answer can be discovered through analyzing available stored information. Commonly associated with creativity and the non conformist personality type. By contrast, a divergent thinker is always looking for more options. Thus, Divergent thinking is relevant in creativity since it generates a big pile of ideas. Heilman, in Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition), 2012 Convergent Thinking. This indicates that the characteristics of the task are reflected in the activations perceived in imaging technologies. Divergent thinking contrasts with convergent thinking. Welcome to Sarthaks eConnect: A unique platform where students can interact with teachers/experts/students to get solutions to their queries. It is the art of exploring as many options/solutions to a problem as possible. Water logic, by contrast, allows ideas to flow together from many directions according to the natural pathways in the material in question, just as water flows along cracks and depressions in the ground where there is no resistance, and forms pools and eventually rivers (creative ideas). This kind of thinking is able to unite apparently conflicting or mutually exclusive ideas by bringing them into the same cognitive space, thus producing novelty. Unconventional in its approach it produces multiple, sometimes complex connections and solutions to problems from one single idea. However, scores from the SWOT are correlated with scores from the RIBS. Divergent thinking (DT) tests are probably the most common-ly used measures of creative potential. Not surprisingly, divergent thinking tests are among the most commonly used in creativity research. However, predictably, a different picture emerged from fMRI data. Furthermore, divergent thinking/doing is based on ideational fluency, but it also requires qualitative solutions that are mapped onto flexibility and originality. This part involves a lot of learning. [1], To understand lateral thinking, it is necessary to compare lateral thinking and critical thinking. Divergent thinking should be the basis of the generation phase, while convergent thinking should be the basis of the exploration phase. If you’re anything like me, you tend to read (or at least skim) a lot of articles online. This training intervention was designed by Feldhusen and colleagues in the early 1980s and consists of 28 lessons on audio tape. J.P. Guilford is usually given credit for distinguishing between convergent and divergent thinking, but a few earlier scientists did recognize the value of ideation. Convergent thinking is often used in conjunction with divergent thinking. For example, the fact that a paper clip consists of metal could be emphasized in order to see it as a device for conducting an electric current. Multiple-choice questions on school exams are examples of convergent thinking. Greater alpha synchronization was especially prevalent in frontal areas of the brain. American psychologist JP Guilford coined the terms in the 1950s, which take their names from the problem solving processes they describe. The convergence of neuropsychological and imaging results provides strong support for the role of right ventral lateral PFC in flexible strategy shifts in the context of Match Problems. ‘Convergent thinking is a term coined by Joy Paul Guilford’ (who also coined the term for the ‘opposite’ way of thinking, ‘Divergent Thinking’). One of the best and classic examples of a paradigmatic shift using convergent reasoning is the Copernican heliocentric theory of planetary motion. Identify differences (e.g., fly and butterfly), Identify similarities (e.g., blood and a poppy), Visual tracking (i.e., follow moving object with head and eyes), Tactile prehension (i.e., pick up particular object), J.J. Caughron, ... M.D. Articles on Trial. It is challenging and at times complex but, in the … One benefit of using performance as a criterion for creativity is that performance is ultimately the outcome of primary concern in real-world settings. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Admittedly, Guilford’s Structure of Intellect model was pointedly criticized, mostly because of the statistical methods used to separate the 180 cells (Carroll 1968). Almost all multiple choice tests that assess reasoning rather than knowledge require the person taking the test to use convergent reasoning. Components of creativity training courses. Divergent thinking involves the creation of a diversity of new ideas; it is a method or thought process used to experiment and explore many new possible solutions. It’s a thinking process that involves seeking multiple solutions without judging the limitations of a single right answer. Divergent thinking is the process of thinking that explores multiple possible solutions in order to generate creative ideas. Course delivery includes variables such as how long the training lasts, the amount of lecture used, the amount of practice time given to trainees, the nature of the practice exercises, the amount of feedback provided to trainees, as well as other variables related to how the instructor communicated material to trainees in order to facilitate learning the content incorporated into the course. Continual growth of categorical knowledge by restructuring concepts is a creative phenomenon (Ward, Smith, & Vaid, 1997). Divergent thinking typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner, where many creative ideas are generated and evaluated. discipline. Rather, these constraints are the basis of the analysis that follows our divergent thinking, and knowing what they are is a necessary part of the engineering problem-solving process. Divergent thinking works best for open-ended problems and involves creativity. How to Practice Divergent Thinking. Training courses can be thought of as being made up of four primary components: the design of the course, the content included in the course, the way course content is delivered, and the media used during instruction.

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